Technology has come a long way and has also advanced in the automotive sector which allows you to drive better and safely.
Have you ever thought about how you can turn the car wheel so easily and use your car steering efficiently? It is because of the power steering system that improves both the driving experience and vehicle performance.
Whether you want to know about the traditional or modern electric power steering system and why it is useful, we are here to provide you with the opportunity to explore such things.
In this blog, you will learn about everything from the power steering system working to its advantages.
About Power Steering System
You can drive your car comfortably and turn the steering wheels easily because of the power steering system.
This system reduces the amount of physical effort required to turn the wheel, especially when your car is at a lower speed or when parking it.
It becomes beneficial for large vehicles or when you are in a situation where you need to adjust your steering frequently.
Thanks to the power steering system, you can easily drive your car on long trips or when driving through tight spaces.
How does it work?
The sensors or mechanical linkage detects the steering input when the driver turns the wheel.
Hydraulic pressure or electric motor offers mechanism assistance depending on the type of steering system when you move the steering gear.
In a modern system, you can adjust the assistance level according to the speed, road conditions, etc because of the feedback loops and control modules. This is how the power steering system works to improve driving conditions.
Components of the Power Steering System
The power steering system has different components that work together to provide smooth and efficient steering assistance.
Traditional Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) System
- Hydraulic Pump: The hydraulic pump produces the hydraulic pressure required to assist in steering. It is connected to the engine crankshaft by a belt.
- Power steering fluid reservoir: Hydraulic fluid is supplied constantly to the pump because of the stored hydraulic fluid. It also helps to maintain the fluid level.
- Control valve: The flow of hydraulic fluid is directed by the control valve depending on how much the driver turns the wheel.
- Hydraulic cylinder: The hydraulic cylinder uses hydraulic pressure to help push the wheel so that you can easily steer the wheel in any direction you are going. It also converts the pressure into mechanical force.
- Hoses and lines: These are the tubes that carry the fluid between the pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, and around the system.
Modern Electric Power Steering (EPS) System
- Electric motor: The motor provides help in turning the wheels. It applies torque according to the ECU signals to the steering gear.
- Sensors: The sensors provide real-time data to the ECU based on the wheel position, speed of the car, and how much you are turning the wheel.
- Electronic control unit: It controls the electric motor and provides help or process input based on the information provided by sensors.
- Mechanical linkages: These are the parts through which the motor is connected to the wheels.
Types of Power Steering Systems and Their Working
There are three types of power steering systems that have different functions and components.
Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) System
It is the traditional type of power steering system that is found in various vehicles such as old vehicles and heavy-duty trucks.
The HPS system works by first generating hydraulic fluid by the pump. Then this fluid is directed to the control valve to assist in steering when the driver turns the wheel.
The wheel movement is detected by the control valve which is connected to the steering column. This reduces the physical effort needed to steer the wheel. After assisting, the fluid goes back to the reservoir to be pressurized again.
- Advantages: The HPS system is reliable and has been in use for many years.
- Disadvantages: It may reduce fuel efficiency because of the constant engine load. Regular maintenance is also needed, especially of fluid levels and system components.
Electric Power Steering (EPS) System
The EPS system monitors the steering wheel position continuously through the sensors. The sensors also monitor the amount of torque applied and the vehicle speed.
The ECU then processes all the data collected by sensors to provide necessary assistance accordingly while activating the electric motor.
The steering mechanism assistance can vary depending on the driving conditions. It is commonly used in modern vehicles and offers a natural steering feel by providing feedback to drivers.
- Advantages: The electric power steering system is efficient, offers an adjustable steering mechanism, and requires less maintenance.
- Disadvantages: But, on the other hand, the system is more complex and expensive to repair. Also, in case of complete failure, power assistance will not be provided.
Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) System
The EHPS system uses an electric motor to generate a hydraulic pump instead of directly by the engine. It is the combination of both the hydraulic and electric power steering systems.
Through an electric motor, a hydraulic pump pressurizes power steering fluid. This fluid is then sent to the control valve that according to the driver steering input regulates the flow.
The speed and torque of the electric motor are adjusted by ECU based on different driving conditions while offering variable driving assistance spending on those conditions.
- Advantages: The power and feel of the hydraulic system are offered along with the enhanced efficiency of an electric system.
- Disadvantages: It can be complex. If it is not designed properly, all the disadvantages of the HPS and EPS systems can be combined in this system.
Advantages of Power Steering System
- The power steering system reduces the physical effort required to steer your vehicle, especially at low speeds, on narrow streets, or when parking.
- You can navigate easily through tight spaces, making it simple and more manageable.
- It allows you to take turns quickly and precisely because it offers more responsive steering.
- With better control over your vehicle helps to drive in challenging conditions and improves your safety. They are best for driving on long trips or city commuting.
- It offers a comfortable driving experience and better handling as you can maintain control easily on sharp turns and curves.
- The power steering system is adaptable and is found in many vehicles from small cars to large trucks.
Difference Between Hydraulic, Electric, & Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering System
The power steering system can provide a smooth and easy steering experience but its types are also different from each other as they suit different vehicles and work differently.
| Feature | Hydraulic Power System | Electric Power Steering System | Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering System |
| Power Source | Engine-driven Pump | Electric Motor | Electric motor-driven hydraulic pump |
| Assistance Type | Hydraulic fluid pressure | Electric motor torque | Both hydraulic fluid and electric motor are combined |
| Maintenance | Regular Maintenance | Low maintenance | Moderate maintenance |
| Fuel Efficiency | Less efficient | More efficient | More efficient than HPS |
| Complexity | More mechanical parts are used | Less mechanical parts are used | Use both mechanical and electrical components |
| Cost | Less expensive initially | The initial cost is high | Higher cost because of complexity |
| Steering Feel | Consistent assistance | Less natural but variable | Natural feel with variable assistance |
Conclusion
Overall, the power steering system has made it easy for drivers to turn the steering wheel of their vehicle. They have reduced the amount of physical effort required to turn the steering.
All the steering systems work differently but offer great results while providing smooth and efficient steering performance. They provide steering assistance based on various driving conditions.
They provide improved safety and handling by offering better control over the car. They are compatible with various vehicles and reduce physical strain.
You can make a better choice as now you know all about the power steering systems and their types and how they are here to suit all your preferences.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1 Why is power steering important?
Ans. Power steering is important because it allows you to drive easily and safely, especially at low speeds or when parking. It also reduces driver fatigue.
Q2 What should I do if my power steering is not working properly?
Ans. If your power steering is not working properly you can check and inspect certain things such as fluid levels (if applicable), any leakage, listen to unusual noises, and if these things are good to go, then you should consult a mechanic.
Q3 Can I drive without power steering?
Ans. Technically you can drive without power steering, but it will be harder and unsafe, especially when you are driving at low speeds or during emergency maneuvers.
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